▽Member Jews in Biomedical Science ●11/22 13:43 constitute the two principal elements of the immune system.The invention of the first antibiotic and of (1911) constituted the first effective treatment for syphilis and the first antibiotics. (The two drugs were synthesized by Ehrlich's collaborator, organic chemist Alfred Bertheim.) In the words of Sir Alexander Fleming,+ this work represented "the beginning - and a magnificent beginning - of bacterial chemotherapy." 9